استعرض مصدر Comparative Analysis of Specialization in Palliative Medicine Processes Within the World Health Organization European Region


Original Article

Comparative Analysis of Specialization in Palliative Medicine Processes
Within the World Health Organization European Region

Carlos Centeno, PhD, Deborah Bolognesi, BA, and Guido Biasco, PhD

The European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) Task Force on Physicians Specialisation in Palliative Medicine (C.C., D.B., G.B.),
Milan, Italy; ATLANTES Research Program (C.C.), Institute for Culture and Society and Palliative Medicine Department, Clinica
Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain; Isabella Ser!agnoli Foundation (D.B.), Bologna, Italy; and Academy of
Sciences of Palliative Medicine (G.B.) and Giorgio Prodi Centre for Cancer Research (G.B.), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna,
Bologna, Italy

Abstract

Context. Palliative medicine (PM), still in the development phase, is a new, growing specialty aimed at caring for both
oncology and non-oncology patients. There is still confusion about the training offered in the various European PM
certification programs.

Objectives. To provide a detailed, comparative update and analysis of the PM certification process in Europe, including the
different training approaches and their main features.

Methods. Experts from each country completed an online survey addressing historical background, program name,
training requirements, length of time in training, characteristic and content, official certifying institution, effectiveness of
accreditation, and 2013 workforce capacity. We prepared a comparative analysis of the data provided.

Results. In 2014, 18 of 53 European countries had official programs on specialization in PM (POSPM): Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, and the U.K. Ten of these programs were begun in the last five years. The PM is recognized as a ‘‘specialty,’’
‘‘subspecialty,’’ or ‘‘special area of competence,’’ with no substantial differences between the last two designations. The
certification contains the term ‘‘palliative medicine’’ in most countries. Clinical training varies, with one to two years being the
most frequent duration. There is a clear trend toward establishing the POSPM as a mandatory condition for obtaining a
clinical PM position in countries’ respective health systems.

Conclusion. PM is growing as a specialization field in Europe. Processes leading to certification are generally long and
require substantial clinical training. The POSPM education plans are heterogeneous. The European Association for Palliative
Care should commit to establishing common learning standards, leading to additional European-based recognition of
expertise in PM. J Pain Symptom Manage 2015;49:861e870. ! 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Academy of
Hospice and Palliative Medicine.

Key Words

Palliative medicine, Europe, specialty, specialization, education, medical, graduate/organization and administration

==أمثلة==
*[[Invasive mechanical ventilation: Concerns over terminal extubation]]
*[[EAPC Atlas of Palliative Care in Europe]]


http://www.eapcnet.eu/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=U-1mgAEvy5k%3d

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