الأدوات المساعدة
تقسيم التقنية المساعدة موجودة في تقرير WHO-ATs in LMICs
1
Keshini Madara Marasinghe, Jostacio Moreno Lapitan, and Alex Ross
Assistive technologies for ageing populations in six low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review
BMJ Innov. 2015 Oct; 1(4): 182–195.
Published online 2015 Sep 11. doi: 10.1136/bmjinnov-2015-000065
PMCID: PMC4680721
Abstract
Despite the benefits derived from the use of assistive technologies (AT), some parts of the world have minimal or no access to AT. In many low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC), only 5–15% of people who require AT have access to them. Rapid demographic changes will exacerbate this situation as populations over 60 years of age, as well as functional limitations among older populations, in LMIC are expected to be higher than in high-income countries in the coming years. Given both these trends, AT are likely to be in high demand and provide many benefits to respond to challenges related to healthy and productive ageing. Multiple databases were searched for English literature. Three groups of keywords were combined: those relating to AT, ageing population and LMIC selected for this study, namely Brazil, Cambodia, Egypt, India, Turkey and Zimbabwe. These countries are expected to see the most rapid growth in the 65 and above population in the coming years. Results indicate that all countries had AT designed for older adults with existing impairment and disability, but had limited AT that are designed to prevent impairment and disability among older adults who do not currently have any disabilities. All countries have ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The findings conclude that AT for ageing populations have received some attention in LMIC as attested by the limited literature results. Analysis of review findings indicate the need for a comprehensive, integrated health and social system approach to increase the current availability of AT for ageing populations in LMIC. These would entail, yet not be limited to, work on: (1) promoting initiatives for low-cost AT; (2) awareness raising and capacity building on AT; (3) bridging the gap between AT policy and practice; and (4) fostering targeted research on AT.
Keywords: Assistive Technology, Geriatrics, Global Health
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4680721/
2
Borg J1, Lindström A, Larsson S.
Assistive technology in developing countries: a review from the perspective of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Prosthet Orthot Int. 2011 Mar;35(1):20-9. doi: 10.1177/0309364610389351.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The 'Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities' (CRPD) requires governments to meet the assistive technology needs of citizens. However, the access to assistive technology in developing countries is severely limited, which is aggravated by a lack of related services.
OBJECTIVES:
To summarize current knowledge on assistive technology for low- and lower-middle-income countries published in 1995 or later, and to provide recommendations that facilitate implementation of the CRPD.
STUDY DESIGN:
Literature review.
METHODS:
Literature was searched in web-based databases and reference lists. Studies carried out in low- and lower-middle-income countries, or addressing assistive technology for such countries, were included.
RESULTS:
The 52 included articles are dominated by product oriented research on leg prostheses and manual wheelchairs. Less has been published on hearing aids and virtually nothing on the broad range of other types of assistive technology.
CONCLUSIONS:
To support effective implementation of the CRPD in these countries, there is a need for actions and research related particularly to policies, service delivery, outcomes and international cooperation, but also to product development and production.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE:
The article has a potential to contribute to CRPD compliant developments in the provision of assistive technology in developing countries by providing practitioners with an overview of published knowledge and researchers with identified research needs.
PMID: 21515886
DOI: 10.1177/0309364610389351
